Goldman Risk Calculator

In 1977 Goldman, et al., developed the first cardiac risk index for patients above 40 years of age about to be operated by looking at nine variables, which increased the risk of perioperative cardiac complications.1 These variables are

preoperative third heart sound or jugular venous distention
myocardial infarction in the preceding six months
more than five premature ventricular contractions per minute documented at any time before operation
cardiac rhythm other than sinus rhythm or presence of premature atrial contractions on preoperative electrocardiogram
age over 70 years
intraperitoneal, intrathoracic or aortic operation
emergency operation
important aortic valvular stenosis
poor general medical condition

Goldman L, Caldera DL, Nussbaum SR, Southwick FS, Krogstad D, Murray B, et al. Multifactorial index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures. N Engl J Med 1977;297:845-50 PMID 904659

All information contained in and produced by this software is provided for educational purposes only. This information should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of any health problem or disease. THIS INFORMATION IS NOT INTENDED TO REPLACE CLINICAL JUDGMENT OR GUIDE INDIVIDUAL PATIENT CARE IN ANY MANNER. Only certified physician can use this software.